Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Mecca, located in present-day Saudi Arabia, has a rich and significant history that dates back thousands of years. Here is a brief overview of its historical background:

1. Pre-Islamic Era: Mecca was originally settled by various Arabian tribes, including the Jurhum tribe. According to Islamic tradition, the Kaaba, a sacred shrine in Mecca, was initially built by the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ismail (Ishmael).

2. Trade and Commerce: Mecca‘s strategic location along the caravan routes made it a significant center for trade and commerce in the Arabian Peninsula. The city thrived economically, attracting merchants from different regions.

3. Birth of Islam: In the early 7th century, the Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca. He received revelations from Allah (God) and began preaching a monotheistic religion known as Islam. However, the ruling Quraysh tribe, who controlled Mecca, initially opposed Muhammad‘s teachings.

4. Hijra and Conquest: Due to persecution, Muhammad and his followers migrated (Hijra) from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. This event marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Later, Muhammad‘s forces returned to Mecca in 630 CE and conquered the city, establishing it as the center of the new Islamic state.

5. Islamic Pilgrimage: After the conquest, Mecca became the holiest city in Islam. Muslims from around the world are required to undertake the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime, if financially and physically able. The Hajj involves rituals performed around the Kaaba and other significant sites in Mecca.

6. Expansion and Development: Throughout the centuries, Mecca continued to grow and develop. Islamic rulers, including the Abbasids and Ottomans, made significant contributions to the city‘s infrastructure, expanding and renovating the Kaaba and constructing various religious and civic buildings.

7. Saudi Arabia: In the early 20th century, the region that included Mecca was part of the Ottoman Empire. However, in 1924, the forces of Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, captured Mecca, Medina, and other major cities, establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

8. Modern Mecca: In recent years, Mecca has undergone rapid urbanization and modernization. The city has witnessed extensive construction projects, including the expansion of the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) and the development of surrounding areas to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims.

Today, Mecca remains a central hub for Islamic worship, attracting millions of Muslims annually for the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. It is a city of immense religious and cultural significance, deeply rooted in Islamic history and tradition.

Here are 10 of the top attractions in Mecca, Saudi Arabia:

1. Masjid al-Haram (Great Mosque of Mecca) Description: The holiest site in Islam, Masjid al-Haram is home to the Kaaba and attracts millions of pilgrims each year. The mosque is a breathtaking architectural marvel and a place of immense spiritual significance. Cost of entry: Free. Hours of operation: Open 24 hours for worshipers, non-Muslims are not allowed inside. Address: Al Masjid Al Haram Rd, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

2. Abraj Al Bait Towers (Clock Tower) Description: A prominent landmark in Mecca, the Abraj Al Bait Towers feature a clock tower and luxurious hotels. The complex also houses a shopping mall, restaurants, and an observation deck offering panoramic views of the city. Cost of entry: Free to visit the complex, observation deck ticket prices vary. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the facility. Address: King Abdul Aziz Endowment, Mecca, Saudi Arabia Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

3. Zamzam Well Description: Located within the premises of Masjid al-Haram, the Zamzam Well is a sacred well that holds great religious significance. It is believed to have provided water to Hagar and her son Ismael in ancient times. Cost of entry: Free. Hours of operation: Open 24 hours Address: Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

4. Jabal al-Nour (Mountain of Light) Description: Jabal al-Nour is a mountain that holds the Hira Cave, where the Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah. Pilgrims often hike to the cave to experience its spiritual ambiance and enjoy the panoramic views. Cost of entry: Free. Hours of operation: Open 24 hours Address: Al Noor Mountain, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

5. Makkah Museum Description: Makkah Museum provides a glimpse into the history and heritage of Mecca, showcasing artifacts, manuscripts, and exhibitions related to Islamic culture and the Hajj pilgrimage. Cost of entry: Free. Hours of operation: 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM (Closed on Fridays) Address: King Abdul Aziz Road, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: +966 12 574 4333. Website: N/A

6. Kaaba Kiswah Exhibition Description: The Kaaba Kiswah Exhibition offers visitors an opportunity to learn about the history and significance of the Kiswah (the cloth covering the Kaaba). The exhibition showcases the process of making the Kiswah and its intricate designs. Cost of entry: Free Hours of operation: 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, 5:00 PM – 8:00 PM Address: Ajyad Street, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: +966 12 574 4333 Website: N/A

7. Abraj Al-Bait Mall Description: Located within the Abraj Al Bait Towers, the Abraj Al-Bait Mall is a vast shopping complex featuring a wide range of international and local brands. It also houses restaurants, cafes, and entertainment facilities. Cost of entry: Free Hours of operation: 10:00 AM – 12:00 AM Address: King Abdul Aziz Endowment, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

8. Makkah Mall Description: Makkah Mall is a modern shopping center offering a diverse range of retail outlets, including clothing stores, electronics, and food courts. It is a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Cost of entry: Free Hours of operation: 9:00 AM – 12:00 AM Address: King Abdul Aziz Road, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: +966 12 574 4333. Website: N/A

9. Al-Rajhi Mosque Description: Al-Rajhi Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Mecca, known for its beautiful architecture and serene atmosphere. It is a significant place of worship and a peaceful spot for spiritual contemplation. Cost of entry: Free Hours of operation: Open 24 hours Address: Al Rajhi Mosque Road, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: N/A. Website: N/A

10. Um Al Qura University Museum Description: The Um Al Qura University Museum offers insight into the history, culture, and heritage of Saudi Arabia. The museum showcases archaeological artifacts, manuscripts, and displays related to Islamic studies. Cost of entry: Free Hours of operation: 8:00 AM – 12:00 PM, 4:00 PM – 8:30 PM Address: Al Jamiah District, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: +966 12 527 0000. Website: N/A

Please note that some attractions may not have official websites or phone numbers available. It is recommended to check for updated information before visiting.

Here are 5 popular day trips from Mecca:

1. Jeddah: Distance from Mecca city center: Approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) Description: Jeddah is a vibrant port city known for its stunning coastline, historic districts, and modern architecture. Visit the UNESCO-listed historic area of Al-Balad, explore the bustling Corniche, and enjoy shopping at the modern malls. Cost of entry: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Website: N/A

2. Taif: Distance from Mecca city center: Approximately 170 kilometers (105 miles) Description: Taif is a mountainous city located in the Hejaz region. It is famous for its cooler climate, beautiful gardens, and historical sites. Explore the Shubra Palace, visit the Al Rudaf Park, and enjoy the scenic views from the cable car ride to Al Hada. Cost of entry: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Website: N/A

3. Abha: Distance from Mecca city center: Approximately 900 kilometers (560 miles) Description: Abha is the capital of the Asir Province and is known for its stunning landscapes, pleasant weather, and cultural heritage. Explore the Asir National Park, visit the Habala Village, and enjoy the vibrant local markets. Cost of entry: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the attractions visited. Website: N/A

4. Umluj: Distance from Mecca city center: Approximately 500 kilometers (310 miles) Description: Umluj is a coastal town located on the Red Sea coast, known for its crystal-clear waters, coral reefs, and pristine beaches. Enjoy snorkeling, diving, and boat trips to explore the beautiful marine life and relax on the sandy beaches. Cost of entry: Varies depending on the activities chosen. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the activities chosen. Website: N/A

5. Al Lith: Distance from Mecca city center: Approximately 180 kilometers (110 miles) Description: Al Lith is a coastal city known for its stunning beaches, coral reefs, and marine life. Visit the Farasan Islands, go snorkeling or diving in the Red Sea, and explore the beautiful landscapes of the area. Cost of entry: Varies depending on the activities chosen. Hours of operation: Varies depending on the activities chosen. Website: N/A

Please note that the distances mentioned are approximate and may vary depending on the routes taken. It is always advisable to check for the latest information and plan your day trips accordingly.

In Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the types of transportation available include:

1. Taxis: – Cost Range: The starting fare is around 5 SAR ($1.33 USD) and increases per kilometer. – Hours of Operation: Taxis operate 24/7. – Website: N/A

2. Buses: – Cost Range: The fare for local buses is around 2 SAR ($0.53 USD). – Hours of Operation: Buses operate from early morning until late evening. – Website: N/A

3. Metro: – Cost Range: The fare for the metro is approximately 5 SAR ($1.33 USD) per trip. – Hours of Operation: The metro operates from 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM (midnight) on weekdays, and from 2:00 PM to 12:00 AM (midnight) on Fridays. – Website: Mecca to Medina Trains | Timetable & Train Tickets Online (rail.ninja)

4. Uber and Careem: – Cost Range: The fares vary based on distance and time. – Hours of Operation: Uber and Careem operate 24/7. – Website: https://www.uber.com/ and https://www.careem.com/

Please note that the provided information is subject to change. It is recommended to visit the respective websites or contact the transportation services directly for the most up-to-date information.

The airports near Mecca, Saudi Arabia are as follows:

1. King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED):

– Airport Website: https://www.jed-airport.com/

– Distance from city center: Approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) – Transportation options: Taxis, car rentals, and limousines

– Cost: Taxis cost around SAR 250–300 (USD 67–80) to the city center – Website link for car ride services:

– Uber: https://www.uber.com/global/en/airports/jed/

– Careem: https://www.careem.com/en–ae/cities/jeddah/airport

– Car rental options: Several car rental companies operate at the airport, including Hertz, Avis, Budget, and Sixt. Their websites can be accessed through the airport website mentioned above.

2. Ta‘if Regional Airport (TIF):

– Airport Website: http://gaca.gov.sa/web/en-gb/page/home  

– Distance from city center: Approximately 170 kilometers (105 miles)

– Transportation options: Taxis, car rentals, and limousines – Cost: Taxis cost around SAR 400–500 (USD 107–133) to the city center – Website link for car ride services:

– Uber: https://www.uber.com/global/en/airports/tif/

  – Careem: https://www.careem.com/en–ae/cities/taif/airport

– Car rental options: Some car rental companies are available at the airport. Contacting them directly or checking the airport website for more details is recommended.

Please note that the provided costs are approximate and may vary. It is advisable to check the official websites or contact the respective transportation services for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

The currency used in Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). Here are the denominations in both paper and coin form:

Paper currency denominations:

– 1 Riyal

– 5 Riyals

– 10 Riyals

– 20 Riyals

– 50 Riyals

– 100 Riyals

– 200 Riyals

– 500 Riyals

Coin denominations:

– 1 Halala

– 5 Halalas

– 10 Halalas

– 25 Halalas

– 50 Halalas

– 1 Riyal

Saudi Arabia has a desert climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. Here are some tips on how to pack for a trip to Egypt:

1. Clothing: Lightweight, loose-fitting, and breathable clothing is essential to cope with the heat. Pack light-colored and loose clothes made from natural fabrics like cotton or linen. Women should carry a scarf or shawl to cover their shoulders when visiting religious sites.

2. Footwear: Comfortable and breathable shoes are a must, especially if you plan on exploring the city or visiting outdoor attractions. Sandals or open-toed shoes are suitable for most occasions, but closed-toe shoes may be preferable for desert excursions.

3. Sun Protection: Qatar experiences intense sunlight, so pack sunscreen with a high SPF, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat to protect yourself from the sun‘s rays.

4. Layers for Air Conditioning: Qatar is known for its air-conditioned interiors, so it‘s a good idea to carry a light sweater or jacket for indoor spaces that may be cooler than the outdoor temperature.

5. Swimwear: If you plan on visiting Qatar‘s beautiful beaches or staying at a hotel with a pool, don‘t forget to pack your swimwear.

6. Respectful Attire: While Qatar is a modern country, it is still important to dress modestly and respect local customs. Avoid clothing that is too revealing or offensive to local sensibilities.

7. Toiletries: It‘s recommended to pack personal toiletries, including insect repellent, as per your preferences and needs.

Remember to check the weather forecast before your trip to ensure you are adequately prepared.