Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Here is a brief history of Phnom Penh, Cambodia:

• Phnom Penh was founded in the 14th century and originally named after a small hill called Phnom. It means hill in Khmer.

• It served as the royal capital of Cambodia intermittently from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The city grew under the rule of King Ponhea Yat in the 15th century.

• Phnom Penh became the permanent capital of Cambodia under king Norodom in 1866 who moved the capital there from Oudong. The city then began expanding.

• Phnom Penh saw rapid growth and development during the French colonial period from the 1860s to the 1950s. The French built public buildings, streets, railroads and irrigation systems.

• Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953. Phnom Penh continued to grow and prosper through the 1960s. It became known as the “Pearl of Asia.”

• During the Vietnam War, the US bombed Phnom Penh and much of Cambodia which led to the rise of the Khmer Rouge.

• The Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and forcibly evacuated the city. They turned it into an empty “Year Zero“ Pol Pot regime.

• Vietnamese forces captured Phnom Penh from the Khmer Rouge in 1979 and ended their rule. The city began to be rebuilt and repopulated after the Khmer Rouge era.

• Phnom Penh has continued to modernize and develop in recent decades but still struggles with problems of poverty, development and corruption. It remains the cultural, economic and political center of Cambodia today.

Here are some popular tourist spots in Phnom Penh:

1. Royal Palace and Silver Pagoda Description: The Royal Palace is a stunning complex that serves as the residence of the King of Cambodia. It features beautiful Khmer architecture and houses the Silver Pagoda, which is named after its floor covered in over 5,000 silver tiles. Cost of Entry: $10 for foreigners Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM Address: Samdach Sothearos Blvd, Phnom Penh Phone Number: +855 23 427 597 Website: Royal Palace, Attraction in Phnom Penh | Tourism Cambodia

2. Genocide Museum (S–21 Prison) Description: This former high school turned prison was used by the Khmer Rouge regime to detain and torture political prisoners during the 1970s. It now serves as a museum, showcasing the haunting history of the Cambodian genocide. Cost of Entry: $5 for foreigners Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM Address: Street 113, Phnom Penh Phone Number: +855 23 364 806 Website: https://tuolsleng.gov.kh/

3. National Museum of Cambodia Description: The National Museum houses the world‘s largest collection of Khmer art, including sculptures, ceramics, and bronzes. It offers a comprehensive overview of Cambodia‘s rich cultural heritage. Cost of Entry: $10 for foreigners Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM Address: Street 13, Phnom Penh Phone Number: +855 23 211 753 Website: Index (cambodiamuseum.info)

4. Wat Phnom Description: Wat Phnom is the tallest religious structure in Phnom Penh and a symbol of the city. It is a peaceful temple located on a hill, offering panoramic views of the surrounding area. Cost of Entry: $1 for foreigners Hours of Operation: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM Address: Preah Moha Montrei, Phnom Penh Phone Number: +855 23 724 014 Website:  Ministry of Tourism, Cambodia – Official Website – Holidays (tourismcambodia.org)

5. Killing Fields of Choeung Ek Description: The Killing Fields are a somber reminder of the atrocities committed during the Khmer Rouge regime. This site is where thousands of Cambodians were executed and buried in mass graves. Cost of Entry: $6 for foreigners Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM – 5:30 PM Address: Phnom Penh Phone Number: +855 23 305 371 Website:  Former M-13 prison/ Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (former S-21)/ Choeung Ek Genocidal Centre (former Execution Site of S-21) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre

6. Russian Market (Phsar Toul Tom Poung) Description: The Russian Market is a bustling market known for its wide range of goods, including clothing, handicrafts, and souvenirs. It is a great place to experience the local culture and find unique items. Cost of Entry: Free Hours of Operation: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM Address: Street 155, Phnom Penh Phone Number: N/A Website: N/A

7. Independence Monument Description: The Independence Monument is an iconic landmark in Phnom Penh, commemorating Cambodia‘s independence from France. It is a symbol of national pride and is particularly impressive when lit up at night. Cost of Entry: Free Hours of Operation: Open 24/7 Address: Norodom Blvd, Phnom Penh Phone Number: N/A Website: N/A

8. Central Market (Phsar Thmey) Description: The Central Market is a vibrant market housed in an impressive Art Deco building. It offers a wide range of products, including clothing, jewelry, electronics, and local food. Cost of Entry: Free Hours of Operation: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM Address: Street 53, Phnom Penh Phone Number: N/A Website: N/A

9. Wat Ounalom Description: Wat Ounalom is one of Phnom Penh‘s oldest and most important temples. It is the headquarters of Cambodian Buddhism and houses a sacred hair relic of Buddha. Cost of Entry: Free

Somme of the most popular day trips from Phnom Penh:

1. Mekong River Sunset Cruise: Enjoy a relaxing boat ride along the Mekong River while witnessing a breathtaking sunset. Several tour operators offer this experience, with prices starting from $15. The duration of the cruise varies, typically lasting around 2–3 hours. Various departure points are available along the riverfront in Phnom Penh.

2. Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Center: Located approximately 40 kilometers from Phnom Penh, the Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Center is a sanctuary for rescued animals, including tigers, elephants, and bears. Visitors can learn about wildlife conservation efforts and observe these incredible creatures. The entry fee is $5, and it is open from 8 am to 5 pm. The address is National Road 2, Tro Pang Sap Village, Baek Chan Commune, Takeo Province, Cambodia. Phone: +855 12 500 094. Website: http://www.wildlifealliance.org/phnom-tamao-wildlife-rescue-center/

3. Silk Island (Koh Dach): Situated on the Mekong River, Silk Island is known for its traditional silk weaving industry. Visitors can explore the island, visit local silk workshops, and witness the intricate process of silk production. The island is about 15 km northeast of Phnom Penh and can be reached by ferry. There is Phone number: N/A Website: N/A

4. Tonle Bati. A Buddhist monastery and temple complex about 60km from Phnom Penh. Cost is free to enter. It features beautiful gardens and ponds with colorful fish. Approximately 1–2 hours each way by car.

5. Kirirom National Park. A scenic national park with hiking trails, waterfalls and views of the Cardamom Mountains. About 70km from the city. Cost is $10-$20 to enter. Open daily from 7am to 5pm. 3–4 hours by car each way. 3. Udong. An historic hill town and former capital with numerous Buddhist pagodas and stupas. Around 37km from Phnom Penh. Cost is $5-$10 to enter. Open daily from 7am to 5pm. About 1.5–2 hours by car each way.

6. Beng Mealea Temple. An ancient Khmer temple complex overgrown with jungle vegetation. Roughly 115km from the capital. Entry costs $5-$10. Hours are 7am to 5pm daily. Approx 3–4 hours by car each way.

In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, there are several types of transportation options available. Here are some of the main ones:

1. Tuk-tuks: – Tuk-tuks are a popular mode of transportation in Phnom Penh, consisting of a motorbike or scooter attached to a passenger carriage. – Cost range: Generally, short trips within the city cost around $2 to $5, while longer trips can range from $10 to $20. – Hours of operation: Tuk-tuks are available throughout the day and night, but it‘s best to negotiate the price and hours of service with the driver. – Website: N/A- can hail on the street.

2. Taxis: – Taxis are another option for transportation, offering more comfort and privacy compared to tuk-tuks. – Cost range: Taxis operate on a metered system, with rates starting around $1.50 for the first kilometer and additional charges per kilometer thereafter. – Hours of operation: Taxis are available 24/7, but it‘s recommended to book in advance for early morning or late-night trips. – Website: N/A-can hail on the street. Some popular taxi companies in Phnom Penh include Exnet Taxi (website: http://exnet-taxi.com) and PassApp Taxi (website: http://passapptaxi.com).

3. Bicycle Rental: – Cycling is a popular way to explore Phnom Penh. – Cost range: Bicycle rental prices start from around $1 to $5 per day, depending on the quality and type of bicycle. – Hours of operation: Rental shops are generally open from early morning until evening. – Website: N/A-can hail on the street.

4. Motorbike Rental: – Motorbike rentals are very popular, providing more freedom and flexibility for exploring the city and its surroundings. – Cost range: Motorbike rental prices vary depending on the type and duration, ranging from $5 to $15 per day. – Hours of operation: Rental shops are generally open from early morning until evening. – Website: N/A

5. Car Rental: – Car rental services are available in Phnom Penh, suitable for those who prefer to drive themselves. – Cost range: Car rental prices vary depending on the type and duration, starting from around $30 per day. – Hours of operation: Rental agencies operate during normal business hours. – Website: N/A

6. Motorbike Taxis (Motodops): Motorbike taxis, known as motodops, are a common sight in Phnom Penh. These are motorbike riders who offer rides to passengers. The cost for a short distance is usually around $1. Motodops are available throughout the day, but they are more commonly seen during peak hours. There is no specific website for motodops, as they are usually found on the streets.

7. Public Buses: Phnom Penh has a public bus system operated by the Phnom Penh Municipal Bus Transportation Company (PPCB). The cost for a bus ride is around $0.30 per trip. Buses operate from around 5:30 am to 8:30 pm, and the frequency varies depending on the route. For more information on routes and schedules, you can visit the PPCB website:  Public transportation | Open Development Cambodia (ODC)

5. Cyclos: Cyclos are traditional bicycle-powered vehicles with a seat for passengers in the front. They are a slower and more leisurely way to explore the city. The cost for a cyclo ride is negotiable but usually starts at around $2 per hour. Cyclos are available during the day, and you can find them in popular tourist areas such as the riverside.

Please note that the cost ranges provided are approximate and can vary depending on factors such as negotiation, distance, and season. It‘s always recommended to confirm the prices with the service provider before commencing your journey.

Here are the main airports near Phnom Penh, Cambodia:

Phnom Penh International Airport (PNH) –https://cambodia-airports.com/airports/– Located about 15 km from city center – Can take taxis, rideshares, buses, and shuttle buses to city center – Taxi costs about $10-$15 USD, shuttle buses around $8, buses $2 – Handles mostly domestic and regional flights.

Siem Reap International Airport (REP) –https://cambodia-airports.com/airports/– Located about 150 km from Phnom Penh – Takes about 3–4 hours by bus or shuttle, cost around $10 – Handles mostly international flights – Bus company website:  Mekong – Home (catmekongexpress.com)

Sihanoukville International Airport (KOS) – https://cambodia–airports.com/airports/sihanoukville–airport.html – Located about 186 km from Phnom Penh – Takes about 4–5 hours by bus – Handles mostly domestic and regional flights – Bus company website:  Giant Ibis | Bus to Siem Reap, Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh, Kampot, Sihanoukville

The currency used in Cambodia is the Cambodian Riel (KHR). Here are the denominations of both paper and coin forms:

Paper denominations:

– 50 riels

– 100 riels

– 200 riels

– 500 riels

– 1000 riels

– 2000 riels

– 5000 riels

– 10,000 riels

– 20,000 riels

– 50,000 riels

– 100,000 riels

– 200,000 riels

Coin denominations:

– 50 riels

– 100 riels

– 200 riels

– 500 riels

– 1000 riels

• Phnom Penh has a tropical climate with two main seasons:

– The rainy season is from May to October. During this time it is hot and humid with frequent heavy downpours. Thunderstorms are common in the afternoons.

– The dry season is from November to April. It is still hot but less humid than the rainy season. There may be some light rain but mostly sunny and dry conditions.

Packing:

• Bring lightweight, breathable clothing like cotton or linen. Shorts, tank tops, t–shirts and sandals are very acceptable.

• Pack a lightweight waterproof jacket or poncho for the rainy season showers. An umbrella is also a good idea.

• Consider moisture–wicking synthetic fabrics and quick–drying clothing for the humid conditions. This will help keep you feeling more comfortable.

• Bring hats, sunglasses and sunscreen. The sun can be intense, especially in the dry season.

• Pack comfy walking shoes since you‘ll likely do a lot of sightseeing on foot around the city.

• Don‘t forget essentials like chargers, insect repellant and medications. Malaria prophylaxis may be recommended depending on how long you‘re staying and where you‘re visiting.

Remember to check the weather forecast closer to your travel dates for the most accurate and up-to-date information.